Etiologies constatées aupès de 400 patients consécutifs
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Les causes de plaintes mnésiques sont nombreuses. On compte plus de cinquante diagnostics possibles.
Ainsi dans les données ci-dessous collectées chez
400 patients consécutifs la table 1 fait la liste des causes
de pertes de mémoire tandis que la Table 2 liste les facteurs
aggravants associés (source: Hogh
P. et coll. (European Journal of Neurology 1999;6:279-288)) Table 1: Diagnostics des causes de pertes de mémoire
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Table 1: Primary diagnosis
in 400 consecutive patients referred to the memory clinic
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N : number of patients, +
: Potentially reversible conditions
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Diagnosis
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N | % du total | ||
| Ten most frequent diagnoses | Alzheimer's disease | 74 | 19% | |
| No neuropsychiatric disease | 45 | 11% | ||
| Depression | + | 34 | 9% | |
| Vascular dementia | 28 | 7% | ||
| Sequelae of stroke | 26 | 7% | ||
| Unspecified dementia | 23 | 6% | ||
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus | + | 19 | 5% | |
| Organic amnestic syndrome | 13 | 3% | ||
| Alcohol dependence syndrome | + | 13 | 3% | |
| Mixed Alzheimer's disease | 12 | 3% | ||
| total | 287 | 72% | ||
| Other neurological diseases | Mild organic cognitive syndrome | 9 | 2,3% | |
| Frontal lobe dementia | 6 | 1,5% | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Multiple system atrophy | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Motor neuron disease | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Progressive Supranuclear Palsy | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Parkinson's disease | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Progressive (semantic) Aphasia | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Lewy body Dementia | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Other types of hydrocephalus | 9 | 2,3% | ||
| Postconcussional syndrome | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Intracranial injury sequelae | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Meningeoma | + | 2 | 0,5% | |
| Whiplash sequelae | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Arterio venous malformation | + | 2 | 0,5% | |
| Epilepsy | + | 5 | 1,3% | |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | + | 3 | 0,8% | |
| Sequelae of subarachnoidal hemorrhage | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Toxic encephalopathy | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Sequelae of inflammatory diseases of CNS | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Paraneoplasic encephalopathy | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Kuff's disease (cerebral lipofuscinosis) | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Transient cerebral ischemia | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Vertebro-basilar artery syndrome | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Anoxic brain damage | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| total | 72 | 18% | ||
| Other psychiatric diseases | Personality disorder | 10 | 2,5% | |
| Schizophrenia | 5 | 1,3% | ||
| Psychotic disorder (alcohol) | + | 3 | 0,8% | |
| Anxiety disorder | + | 2 | 0,5% | |
| Paranoid psychosis | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Persistent mood disorder | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Post-traumatic stress syndrome | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| total | 24 | 6% | ||
| Other internal medicine diseases | Hypothyreosis | + | 4 | 1,0% |
| Hyperthyreosis | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Hodgkins disease | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| Porphyria | 1 | 0,3% | ||
| total | 7 | 2% | ||
| Unspecified | 10 | 2,5% | ||
Table 2: Facteurs aggravants associés
| Table 2: List of concomitant conditions with a possible relevance to presenting cognitive symptoms registered in the 400 consecutive patients | ||||
| + : Potentially treatable or reversible conditions; N : number of patients | ||||
| Concomitant conditions (secondary diagnosis) | N | % of total | ||
| Neurological diseases | Epilepsy | + | 22 | 6% |
| Sequelae of stroke | 18 | 5% | ||
| Postconcussional syndrome | + | 10 | 3% | |
| Parkison's disease | 8 | 2% | ||
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus | + | 5 | 1,3% | |
| Transient cerebral ischemia | + | 5 | 1,3% | |
| Polyneuropathy | 4 | 1,0% | ||
| Sequelae of inflammatory diseases of CNS | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Ataxic gait | 3 | 0,8% | ||
| Other types of hydrocephalus | + | 4 | 1,0% | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | + | 2 | 0,5% | |
| Previous Head Trauma | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Hypoxic brain damage | 2 | 0,5% | ||
| Miscellaneous | 19 | 5% | ||
| Psychiatric diseases | Depression | + | 45 | 11% |
| Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol | + | 17 | 4% | |
| Degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol | 9 | 2% | ||
| Anxiety disorder | + | 3 | 0,8% | |
| Post-traumatic stress syndrome | + | 3 | 0,8% | |
| Drug-induced paranoid psychosis | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Non-organic psychosis | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Miscellaneous | 10 | 3% | ||
| Internal Medecine Diseases | Arterial hypertension | + | 30 | 8% |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | + | 24 | 6% | |
| Previous cancer | 19 | 5% | ||
| NIDDM | + | 14 | 4% | |
| Hypothyreosis | + | 11 | 3% | |
| Hyperthyreosis | + | 10 | 3% | |
| IDDM | + | 10 | 3% | |
| Hypercholosterolemia | + | 2 | 0,5% | |
| Adrenocortical overactivity | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Sarcoidosis | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Marked dehydration | + | 1 | 0,3% | |
| Miscellaneous | 8 | 2% | ||
| None | None | 156 | 39% | |
| From: Hogh P. et al., European Journal of Neurology 1999;6:279-288 | ||||